Տեղեկատվություն դասընթացի վերաբերյալ

Raisa Grigoryan

The Verb..Genaral Caracteristics.

The verb is a part of the speech which denotes an action or state.According to their morphologocal structure,verbs are devided inyo the following groups:

1)simple_go, walk,take,spend.

2)derived__the most productive affixes are:

suffixes__ize,_fy,_en,_ate(specialize,beautify,soften,activate)

prefixes_dis_,un_,re_,en_.(disappoint,uncover,rewrite,enrich)

Semantically,verbs  fall into two groups:terminative and durative.Terminative verbs imply a certain limit beyond which the action cannot continue_to open ,to close,to break,to send,to fall.Durative verbs denote actionswhich do not imply any time limit_to live,to love,to know,to work.Some verbs can function both as terminative and durative:Example:

I have found the book.(terminative)

I find this book very interesting.(durative)

From the semantic point of view verbs can be classified into dynamic and statal verbs.Dynamic verbs denote an action or process:to buy,to bring,to work,to push  etc.Statal verbs denote state:to own,to belong,to know,to remember,etc.

According to their function in the sentence,verbs are devided into two groups:notional and structural.Notional verbs have full lexical meaning and can have an independent function in the sentence:Example:

They arrived yesterday.

Structural verbs either preserve their meaning to some extent or lose it altogether.They do not have an independent function and are usually combined with other words in the sentence.They are represented by the following subgroups:

1)modal verbs__can,may,must,dare,ought,should,etc.:

2)link_verbs__to be,to turn,to get,to become,to look,etc.

3)auxiliry verbs__to be,to do,to have,will,shall.

4)causative verbs__to make,to cause,to compelto get, to have,etc.

All  English verbs are devided into transitive and intransitive verbs.Transitive verbs  an object,while intransitive  do not.Transitive verbs can be 

1)monotransitive

2) ditransitive

3)prepositional

Intransitive verbs do not take an object.Examole:

He works at a bank.

According to the morthological forms,English verbs are devided into finite and non_finite forms.The finite forms function as predicates ,serving only as part of the predicate.They are:the Infinitive,the Present Participle(Participle One),the Past Participle(Pariciple Two) and the Gerund.

According to the way the Past Indefinite  and the Past Participle  are formed ,English verbs are either regular or irregular.

Regular verbs  form their Past Indefinite and the Past Participle  by adding  the inflextion _ed to the steam of the verb.

[t]___after voicless consonants:worked,pushed,crossed.

[d]__after voiced  consonants and vowels:lived,played,

[id]_after__  _t  and __d :wanted,added.

Irregular verbs form their Past Indefinite  and Past Participle by

1)changing the root vowel:

run_ran_run,ring_rang_rung

2)changing the final _d into _t

send_sent_sent,buid_built_ built 

3)preserving  the same  root:

put_put_put,cast_cast_cast

4)changing the root of the verb:

go_went_gone, be_was,were_been

                  The finite forms of the verbs

The finite  forms of the English verb include tense,aspect,correlation(perfect),voice,and mood,in addition to person or number The category of tense expresses  the relationship  between the time of action and that of the utterance.There are three tenses in English:the oresent tense,the past tense and the future tense.There is another  tense form,the so_called future in the past,which is pecular in English.The category of tense in English  is correlated  with the categories of aspect and correlation,thus building up four verbs forms representing the combinations of these categories (indefinite,continuous,perfect,perfect continiuous).As a result ,there are four present  tense  forms ( the Present  Indefinite ,the Present  Continuous ,the Present  Perfect ,the Perfect  Continuous),four past tense  forms (the  Past Indefinite ,the Past Continuous,the Past  Perfect Continuous),four future tense forms(the Future Indefinite ,the Future Continuous,the Future Perfect ,the Future Perfect Continuous), four future in the past tense forms(the Future Indefinite in the Past,the Future Continuous  in the Past ,the Future Perfect  in the Past,the Future  Perfect Continuous in the Past).